Numerical Evaluation of Anti-Liquefaction Performance of Deep Soil Mixing Method under Embankment Dams

Liquefaction-induced failure in structures like embankment dams is recognized as one of the most destructive outcomes resulting from earthquakes. When the foundation experiences liquefaction, excess pore water pressure (EPWP) is generated in the liquefied area and spreads within and underlying the structures. Addressing this issue requires the development of appropriate measures to counteract liquefaction. This numerical study examined the effectiveness of the deep soil mixing (DSM) method beneath embankment dams using Flac3D. The model results have been compared to the centrifuge experiments conducted as part of the VELACS (VErification of Liquefaction Analysis by Centrifuge Studies) project to validate the model. Based on the validated model, the anti-liquefaction performance of DSM columns installed beneath embankment dams in reducing EPWP was assessed. The findings indicate that DSM columns can effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of liquefaction beneath embankment dams by considering proper column diameter and a spacing-to-diameter ratio. These results have practical implications in engineering applications and offer valuable insights into the anti-liquefaction capabilities of the DSM method, specifically when applied to embankment dams.