Considering the multiple arch dam : theory, practice and the ethics of safety in a case of innovative hydraulic engineering

John S. Eastwood was an early 20th century hydraulic engineer who developed the reinforced concrete multiple arch dam. This design was no longer in use by the time of World War II. Eastwood belonged to the 'structural art' school of thought which believed that practical experience takes precedence over mathematical formulae in engineering design. Other structural engineers of his time gave priority to mathematics and this group perceived Eastwood's designs as weak, while some objected to them on the grounds of visual appearance