Waterpower '99

Proceedings of Waterpower '99, held in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 6-9, 1999. This collection contains 131 papers that discuss the latest technical and scientific developments affecting hydropower. Papers on civil construction covers such topics as seismic evaluation, dam rehabilitation, and penstocks. Environmental and cultural papers discuss water quality, shoreline management, and fish passage issues. Mechanical and electrical papers talk about gates, turbines, automation, and hydraulics. Papers on water resources explore decision support systems, headwater benefits evaluation, dam safety, floods, and water resources planning issues. Papers on economics address ancillary benefits and economic tools, while papers on policy cover licensing, environmental issues, and decommissioning of dams.

POSTER SESSIONS
- Complete Oil Spill Protection for New Intake Gate Hydraulic Operators at Blewett Hydroelectric Plant (Richard S. Auger)
- Seismic Modification to the Butt Valley Dam (Mac T. Bautista)
- The Role of the Corbara Reservoir on the Tiber River in the Flood Protection of the Town of Rome, Italy (G. Calenda and C. P. Mancini)
- Special Application of Asphaltic Concrete for Dam Water Barrier Construction (Reinhard Frohnauer)
- Dance of the Salmon: An Indian Summer Experience (Ed Galindo, Ben Rinehart, John Moeller and Tony Messina)
- Construction of Juvenile Fish Outfall Structures at Bonneville Dam (Lance Helwig and Greg Katzenberger)
- Study of Sediment Inflow in the La Coche Reservoir (E. Laperrousaz and J. P. Blais)
- Predicting Induced Long-Term Morphological Changes on the Zambezi River due to Hydropower Projects: The Kariba Dam Case (S. N. Mukono)
- The Firm Hydro-Power Potential of the Zambezi River in Zambia and Zimbabwe (C. F. G. Mukosa)
- Variability of African Flow Regimes: The Zambezi River Basin above Lake Kariba as a Case Study (Evis Masapo Siamachoka and Addanki Satyanarayana Murty)
- Design of Throttled Surge Tanks for High-Head Plants: Comparison of the Hydraulic Behavior of Several Throttle Types in a Straight Pipe during Pressure Wave Transmission (Reinhard K. Prenner)
- The Dalles Dam Fish Attraction Water Unit Bus Reconfiguration (Charles A. Rinck)
- A Non Linear Analysis for Sedimentgraph by Stochastic Models (Salvatore Grimaldi, Stefano Magnaldi and Lucio Ubertini)
- Five-Thousand Men and One Dog: The Human Side of Hoover Dam Construction (Wm. Joe Simonds)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: SEISMIC EVALUATION AND REHABILITATION
- Structural Remediation of River Mill Dam (Brian Grant and Steve Samuelson)
- Constructability Aspects of the South Fork Tolt River Project: Seismic Retrofit of the Intake Tower (Paul Krumm)
- Seismic Evaluation and Remediation of Croton Dam (Nasim Uddin and J. F. Baltz)
- Convert a Slab-Buttress Dam to a Gravity Dam (Jerry T. Chastain and Po P. Chang)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: DAM REHABILITATION
- Upgrading of Matahina Dam for Foundation Fault Displacement (Lelio Mejia, Michael Forrest, John Bischoff, Murray Gillon and Steve Everitt)
- Remedial Foundation Grouting of Dworshak Dam (Ron F. Hall and Paul Krumm)
- Frog Lake Reservoir Rehabilitation (Phil Mabini)
- Comparison of the Performance of Rockfill Dams of Different Heights (Limin Zhang and Jiancheng Du)
- Stability Improvement of Niagara Dam (H. Joseph Buhac, John Shuler and Bernhard Rasmussen)
- The Jonquiere Hydroelectric Power Development (Essam A. Farag and Carol LaHaye)
- Fontana Dam: A Crack in the Curve (Vann A. Newell and Charles D. Wagner)
- Steel Penstock Failure and Rehabilitation: HCJB Hydroelectric Power Station: Papallacta, Ecuador (Bruce V. Rydbeck, David Injerd and Hugh G. McKay, III)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: PENSTOCKS
- Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis to Justify Inservice Inspection Intervals for the Helms Penstock Field Welds (Marcos L. Herrera, Richard A. Mattson, Shu S. Tang and Charles S. Ahlgren)
- Secacao Hydroelectric Project (Adam N. Jones, Jorge Galvez Freund, Karl R. Jacobs and John J. Snyder)
- Balancing Penstock Safety with Project Economics (Thomas L. Kahl)
- Nondestructive Examination of Steel Liners and Penstocks to Ascertain Structural Integrity (Richard A. Mattson and Charles S. Ahlgren)
- Penstock Life Extension (Richard D. Stutsman)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: SCOTT DAM
- The Foundation of PG&E's Scott Dam: Introduction and Overview (Richard E. Goodman, Charles Ahlgren and Eric Lindquist)
- Geotechnical Investigation of the Melange Foundation of Scott Dam (Robert A. McManus and Anders Bro)
- Analysis of the Safety and Performance of Scott Dam Using FLAC (Scott Kieffer and Richard Goodman)
- Factors of Safety for Sliding of Scott Dam and Their Implications (Alfred J. Hendron, Jr. and Michael A. Hendron)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: EASTSIDE RESERVOIR PROJECT
- Evolution of the Eastside Reservoir Project (Dennis G. Majors and Bruce L. Duncan)
- The Dams of the Eastside Reservoir Project (Arleen A. Arita, Michael P. Forrest and John R. Fotheringham)
- Move that Mountain: The Growth of the Eastside Reservoir Project Dams (J. L. Ehasz, S. D. Summy and P. R. Zaman)
- Hydraulic Structures of the Eastside Reservoir Project (Clifford "Dee" Dillon, John R. Hollenbeck and Andy E. Powers)

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION: SANTEETLAH DAM PROJECT
- A Unique Approach to Long-Term Dam Safety under Adverse Conditions (Paul F. Shiers, B. Julian Polk, Bob E. Oxendine and Bryce N. Mochrie)
- Instrumentation Monitoring at Santeetlah Dam (Anthony W. Plizga, Paul F. Shiers, Philip M. Coburn and Bob E. Oxendine)
- High-Capacity, Multi-Purpose Rock Anchors for Dam Rehabilitation (Bryce N. Mochrie, Richard T. DeConto, Bob E. Oxendine and Terry W. West)
- Santeetlah Dam Finite Element Model (Bryce N. Mochrie, Marc D. Buratto, Stefan W. Schadinger and Bob E. Oxendine)

ENVIRONMENTAL & CULTURAL: WATER QUALITY ISSUES)
- Turbine Venting for Dissolved Oxygen Improvements at Bull Shoals, Norfork, and Table Rock Dams (E. Dean Harshbarger, Bethel Herrold, George Robbing and James C. Carter)
- A CFD Framework for Environmentally-Friendly Hydroturbines (Y. Ventikos, F. Sotiropoulos, R. K. Fisher, Jr., P. March and P. Hopping)
- Justifying, Specifying, and Verifying Performance of Aerating Turbines (Paul Hopping, Patrick March and Paul Wolff)

ENVIRONMENTAL & CULTURAL: WATER QUALITY MODELING
- The Dynamic Gas Bubble Trauma Mortality Model (Larry E. Fidler)
- Two-Dimensional Simulation of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, and Fish Exposure in the Columbia/Snake River System (Marshall C. Richmond, William A. Perkins and Timothy D. Scheibe)
- Thermal and Bioenergetics Modeling for Balancing Energy and Environment (Gary E. Hauser, John Stark, George Robbins and Bethel Herrold)
- Fish Habitat Evaluation with Unsteady Flow (Michael Ramey, Stuart Beck, Dudley Reiser and James Templeton)

ENVIRONMENTAL & CULTURAL: RECREATION AND SHORELINE MANAGEMENT
- Recreational Boating Releases at the Hatfield Project (Andrew R. Blystra)
- Meeting the Challenges of Shoreline Management (Jon Cofrancesco)
- Clark Fork River Erosion and Sedimentation Issues (R. Craig Findlay, Steven A. Fry, Tim Swant and Nate Hall)
- The Role of User Fees in Licensed Project Recreational Resource Development (Peter C. Kissel)

ENVIRONMENTAL & CULTURAL: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
- Hydropower Relicensing and Endangered Species - Potential Conflicts and Opportunities in the New Millennium (Alan D. Mitchnick)
- Environmental Impact Assessment of Wadi Fatima Dam and Ikrema Dam (Abdullah M. Mohorjy)

ENVIRONMENTAL & CULTURAL: FISH PASSAGE ISSUES
- Exploring the Role of Shear Stress and Severe Turbulence in Downstream Fish Passage (Glenn Čada, Thomas Carlson, John Ferguson, Marshall Richmond and Michael Sale)
- Advances in Turbine Development for Fish Survival (Raymond O. Ellis, Stuart L. Hammond, Richard K. Fisher, Jr., Gary F. Franke and C. Justin Hall)
- A New Juvenile Fish Bypass System at Bonneville Dam (Lance Helwig, Greg Katzenberger and David Stensby)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: GATE FAILURE AND EVALUATION
- Cowlitz Falls Sluice Gates: Modification and Testing of a Jammed Gate (Frederick A. Locher and Douglas W. Adams)
- Tainter Gate Testing and Evaluation (Charles C. Hutton)
- Spillway Tainter Gate Failure at Folsom Dam, California (Robert V. Todd)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: SPECIAL PROJECTS
- Measuring the Effect of Fish Diversion Screens on Turbine Efficiency with the Acoustic Scintillation Flow Meter at Unit 5, McNary Dam (D. D. Lemon, R. J. Wittinger, W. W. Cartier and R. Emmert)
- Synchronous Condensers: Background (Michael J. Berger)
- Synchronous Condensers: Installation & Operation (Steven P. Dingman and Richard D. Harrison)
- Synchronous Condensers: Design and Testing (Kermit Paul and Donald L. Evans)
- Development of Pump-Turbine for Seawater Pumped Storage Power Plant (Katsuhiro Oshima, Juichiro Kawai, Shiro Otsuka, Toshiro Wada and Haruo Imano)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: GATE REHABILITATION ISSUES
- Measurement of Tainter Gate Trunnion Displacements, Jackson Meadows Dam, California (Robert A. McManus)
- Wire Rope Gate Hoist: Considerations for Design and Reliability (Richard V. Dulin)
- Guidelines for Discharge Gates and Valves (Lee C. Gerbig)
- Solutions to Spillway Tainter Gate Icing Problems (Ronald W. Bockerman and Philip A. Wagner)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: GATE EVALUATION AND INVESTIGATIONS
- Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of Distorted Spillway Radial Gates (Richard A. Mattson and Charles S. Ahlgren)
- Numerical Analysis of the Hydraulic Downpull on Vertical Lift Gates (José Carlos C. Amorim and Jell Lima de Andrade)
- Seismic Consideration in the Design of Gates (M. Kaltsouni, M. J. Morgan and C. K. Sehgal)
- The Conditions of Self-Excited Vibration Occurring in Radial Gates (Kunihiro Ogihara and Sachihiko Ueda)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: TURBINE GENERATORS REHABILITATION
- Hydro Turbine Profitability and Cavitation Erosion (Paul Bourdon, Mohamed Farhat, Youssef Mossoba and Pierre Lavigne)
- Pump Modernization Program: California Department of Water Resources (Farshid Falaki and Paul Lee)
- Influence of Surface Finish on Cavitation Erosion (Avaral S. Rao)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: TURBINES AND ANALYTICAL ISSUES
- Numerical Simulations: A Tool to Improve Performance of Hydraulic Turbines (Bernard Massé, Maryse Page, Robert Magnan and Anne-Marie Giroux)
- A New Concept in Practical Tackling of the Problem of Hydraulic Resonance in Hydropower Plants (Mihail Popescu, Florica Alexander and Eugenia Schneider)
- New Conception of Performance Predictions of Hydraulic Machines (Jiří Špidla)
- Particle Paths and Operating Load on a Pelton Turbine Bucket (J. Veselý and F. Pochylý)
- Advanced Governor Algorithms for Large Hydroelectric Generators (Jay C. Agee, Hoa D. Vu and James Volk)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: GENERATORS AND ELECTRICAL ISSUES
- Axial-Flux PM Machines: A New Class of Modular and Compact Electric Generators for Hydro Power Applications (Federico Caricchi, Fabio Crescimbini, Ezio Santini and Luca Solero)
- Solution to Increase the Hydrogenerator Mean Power (Marian Duta and Petre Tiriplica)
- Why Upgrade Hydroelectric Plant Generator and Transformer Electrical Protection? (Charles J. Mozina)
- Applications of Induction Generator in Low-Head Hydro (Pankaj K. Sen)
- Progressions in Stator Winding Diagnostic Testing (Vicki Warren and Greg Stone)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: CONTROLS AND AUTOMATION
- Integrating Hydro Automation and Optimization (J. Stephens Adams, Johnny Braden, James Giles, David Hansen, R. Keith Jones, Patrick March and William Terry)
- Open-Distributed SCADA System for the Okutataragi Power Station and Substation (Minori Nishi, Jun Yamamoto, Toshitsugu Kokado, Yukiharu Ohga and Tomonobu Uchida)
- Operating Experience - Small Hydro Turbines (Homer Lensink)
- Design and Implementation of a Work Management System (Richard L. Otte and Deborah L. Cabler)

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL: HYDRAULICS
- Effect of Unsaturated Flow on Steady Seepage (Michel C. Boufadel, Makram T. Suidan and Albert D. Venosa)
- Evolution of Design of Inlet/Outlet Tower Eastside Reservoir Project (A. Rahim Nasserziayee)
- Evaluation of Selective Withdrawal Concepts for Glen Canyon Dam (Richard W. LaFond)
- An Overview of the Design Concept and Hydraulic Modeling of the Glen Canyon Dam Multi-Level Intake Structure (Tracy B. Vermeyen)

WATER RESOURCES: DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
- Decision Support for Watershed and River System Management: Applications on the Colorado River (T. Fulp, W. Vickers, B. Williams and D. King)
- RiverWare Applications at Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (Suzanne Hardy Biddle)
- Modeling Hydropower in RiverWare (Edith A. Zagona and Timothy M. Magee)
- Waterpower Optimization Software: WOPRO 4.0 - ALLOCATE 2.0 (Zoran Petreski)
- Integrated Information Technology for Integrated Water Resources Management (Lovemore Nyabako)
- Hydraulic Analysis of the Minnesota Falls Hydroelectric Project (Stacy Harwell, Nancy Johnson Dent and William Forsmark)
- Hydro Energy from Multiple Reservoir Operation (Sheung-Kown Kim)
- Flooding Issues at FERC Hydroelectric Projects (Allyson Lichtenfels)

WATER RESOURCES: HEADWATER BENEFITS EVALUATION
- Data Requirements for HWBEG Studies (Mark H. Foreman and Wade P. Moore)
- A New User-Friendly Model to Reduce Cost for Headwater Benefits Assessment (Yixing S. Bao, Michael J. Sale, Robert D. Perlack, Vedula Sarma and Charles K. Cover)
- Innovations in HWBEG Modeling (Mark W. Killgore)
- Headwater Benefits Methodology Simplification (Vedula Y. Sarma, Charles K. Cover and Yixing S. Bao)

WATER RESOURCES: HYDRAULIC AND DAM SAFETY FLOODS
- Application of Energy Dissipation of Multi-Orifice in Xiaolangdi Project (Xiushan Lin)
- Mathematical Modeling of Earth Dam Failures due to Overtopping (Duke M. Mojib)
- E.J. West Project: Analysis of Discharge Structures (Graham K. Holder and Michael C. Schimpff)
- Investigation of Channel Cross Sectional Geometry Effects on Shallow Water Wave Propagation (Wan-Shan Tsai)

WATER RESOURCES: WATER RESOURCES PLANNING ISSUES
- Hydropower Resource Assessment Modeling Results (Alison M. Conner and James E. Francfort)
- The 1997 Missouri River Flood That Did Not Occur (Robert D. Keasling)
- The Geographic Information System as Integrated Tool in a Telemetering Hydro-Pluviometric Network to Management and Safety of Dams (Anna Crisci, Tommaso Moramarco and Aurelia Sole)
- Balancing Hydropower, Flood Control, and Public Safety in a Deregulated Power Industry (Jack Sinor)

ECONOMICS: ANCILLARY BENEFITS AND OTHER RISKS
- A Method for Calculating Production Costs for Ancillary Generation Services (Martin Bauer, Deon Murphy, Ron Ketchum, Larry Karr, Dave Chubb, Tom Rawlings, Ron Connelly, Janice Bartlett and Farrell West)
- Insurance and Risk Management Issues Associated with Foreign Operations (Robert D. Muncil)

ECONOMICS: ECONOMIC TOOLS
- Evaluating the Costs Associated with Generation Drops at the Grand Coulee Third Powerhouse (Stanley J. Hayes and Thomas Murphy)
- Risk Analysis Evaluation of Capacity Benefits (David A. Moser and Michael R. Walsh)
- A Proposal to Exploit Optimally the Hydropower Potential of Fljotsdalur Iceland (Jonas Eliasson, Gudmundur Ludvigsson, Eduard Doujak, Agnar Ólsen and H. - B. Matthias)

POLICIES: RELINCENSING TOOLBOX
- Save a Forest - Put Relicensing on the Web! (George Carrington)
- Science Based Approach to Outstanding Resource Issues: PacifiCorp's North Umpqua Project—Watershed Analysis Settlement Process (David J. Schwall)

POLICIES: BASELINE, RESTRUCTURING, AND DECOMMISSIONING
- Baseline and Cumulative Impacts: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in Conflict (John R. Molm)
- Industry Restructuring Impacts on Hydro Investments (Sally C. Lubben)
- Dam Removal, Past and Present (Shawn Cantrell)
- Evaluation of the Removal of the Lower Snake River Dams (James D. Barton)

POLICIES: WATER, HYDRO, AND ECO-POLITICS
- Developing the Best Renewable Resource - Hydropower: A Mission for the Municipal Electric Utility (David F. Pritchard)
- Environmentalism and Hydropower (Hermod Brekke)
- Water in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Is it a Political Issue? (Michael J. Tumbare)
- Chaotic Slackwater (Maria Gregory)